Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Advantages and Indications

Endoscopic spine surgery is a minimally invasive procedure using a tiny camera (endoscope) inserted through a sub-centimeter incision to relieve nerve compression. Key advantages include smaller cuts, less muscle damage, lower infection risk, and same-day discharge, while primary indications...

• Lumbar radiculopathy and disc herniations are primary drivers of spine-related disability, classically managed with conservative protocols including pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and selective nerve root blocks. However, progressive neurological deficits, intractable pain refractory to four to six weeks of conservative care, and acute emergencies such as cauda equina syndrome require prompt surgical decompression to prevent irreversible neurological injury.