The Clinical Puzzle of Postmenopausal Bleeding

Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as any vaginal bleeding occurring after 12 months of amenorrhea in a woman of menopausal age and is considered an important clinical concern. Though often caused by benign conditions such as endometrial atrophy, polyps, or hormone replacement therapy, PMB...

• Post-menopausal bleeding (PMB), defined as bleeding occurring 12 months after the cessation of menstruation, affects 4-11% of women. While 90% of cases are due to benign causes, 10% can be attributed to malignancy, primarily endometrial cancer. Thorough clinical investigation is crucial to identify the underlying cause and reduce mortality and morbidity.